New
economic trends often emerge from technology breakthroughs. These lead to competitive advantages, which
are extended beyond borders becoming globalized. The political response to this evolution in
various countries are based on how these trends and technologies effect peoples
and what can be done to respond to real or perceived unfairness and practical
opportunities.
Dating
back to the dawn of civilization, globalization became important after critical
mass was reached through progress in:
·
Agriculture development that led to settlements rather than wandering
hunter gatherers
·
Generating surpluses that facilitated rise of trade, cities, education
·
Extending competitive advantages to sphere of economic interest beyond a country’s borders
·
Political systems that respond to pressures from populace
Roots and branches of globalization might be told through
any of several starting points after agriculture rose in
Approach to
Reviewing Selected Globalization Eras
Introduction – Audio extracts, longer video available
Framework – Timeline highlights and relation to other civilizations
Technology - New and applied
Results and Conclusions - Related to Globalization
Analogies to Globalization Today – In
Introduction:
Ten
Commandments tape ‘You build my city’
Timeline:
-9000
Domestication of animals
-6000
Wild grasses and grains of
-5000
Colonization and farm settlements in Tigris-Euphrates and
-3100
Menes unites
-3000
Development of major cities in
-1166
Death of Ramses III, last great Egyptian pharaoh
-720
Technology:
Irrigation, flood control
Written language, construction
projects with off season labor
Result:
Seasonal excess labor, public works i.e. pyramids,
Food surpluses that support cities,
bookkeeping, education, trade
Political control of
Limited involvement with
Mesopotamia,
Analogy:
US to World War II except Spanish American War –
Manifest Destiny
War of 1812 to confirm independence,
Monroe Doctrine to keep
Wealth creation through internal
production, innovation, organization
Introduction:
Disney
Dumbo ‘Did You Ever See an Elephant Fly?’ tape
Timeline:
-2000
First sail in
-2000-1450
Minoan
-1600-1200
Mycenaean
-1500-400
Dominance of Phoenician city-states as first democracies along
-1500
-1300
-1100
-1000
-400
Technology:
Perfection of sail, Mediterranean ports,
Navigation skills, discovered North Star
Invented glass, perfected textiles
Invented alphabet
Result:
Hemmed in by mountains, forests, powers to East and
South, used cedar for ships
Small city-state basis led to trade
rather than war
Colonies and trading settlements
around
Family and trade ties, settlements for trade
Conflict with Greek city-state expansion, Greeks
more warlike
Analogy:
Prosperity from trade and ingenuity vs. force: First
or last half 20th century?
Sea transport technology then similar
to telecommunications effect now
Complementary vs. competitive: trade
difference from globalization
Communities of interests amid
powerful states: Rim of Asia, New Europe apolitical
Introduction:
Bucephalus
story from Black Stallion tape
Timeline:
-350
– 345 Phoenician city-states unite, conquered by
-334
Crosses Hellespont to conquer Mid East,
-332
Alexander siege breaks
-323
Alexander dies after defeating Persians moving as far as
Technology:
Phalanx and calvary as offensive weapon
Superb tactics and mid battle
changes resulted in wins against much larger forces
Botanists, scientists, philosophers part
of entourage to spread Hellenism
Result:
Conquest of known world, but little time to do
anything with it
Early death brought segmentation and
dissolution
Greek culture spread wide and
lasted, ie
Analogy:
Limited life span of military conquest contrasted
with duration of culture spread
Culture spread and intellectual
property rights in a digital age
Importance of individuals and
leadership effectiveness
Introduction:
Ben
Hur ‘I’ve seen
Timeline:
-1000
Etruscans in
-750
-390
Gauls/Celts sack
-264-149
Punic wars, Gauls beaten near start, Greeks at end at
-59-44
Caesar Gaul,
43
313-330
406-476
Barbarian invasions of
Technology:
Builders of roads, aqueducts, public forums,
stadiums
Military power and effectiveness
spreads empire for centuries
Spread culture, mostly tied to
Greeks
Results:
Political control through military power lasting
centuries
Walls and frontiers at extremities,
little foreign trade beyond
Remarkable emergence of
Christianity,
Eventual decline, frontier weakness,
defeats and fall of
Analogy:
Relation of central power, military to individual
beliefs ie Jews, Christians
Spread civilization and control
through transport, military might
Little influence or trade beyond
Parthian, Germanic, and Northern frontier
Ties with far away such as
Introduction:
Lawrence
of Arabia Cordoba to Tumbridge Wells tape
Timeline:
610-632
Muhammad preaches in, flees, returns to and dies in
633-642
732
755
Abbasid dynasty in
1097-1291
Crusades
1220-1260
Genghis Khan
1325-1354
Battuta travels
1453
–
1492
– Muslims and Jews out of
1526-1760
Mughal Empire in
Technology:
Mathematics advancements, storehouse of Greek
learning, bridge to
Astronomic data collection and
correction, first observatory, astrolabe
Chemical minerals and compounds,
medicine, diet, new foods
Water works, windmills, waterwheels,
heavy steel plows
Results:
Storehouse ancient Greek science and math, bridge
for
Fastest and widest faith based
conquests
Extremes of sophistication of
Analogy:
Preservation and extension of prior learning,
copying and new applications
Bridge for learning, civilization,
trade back to
Faith based societies in worlds of
technology and economics
Introduction:
Alistaire
Cooke
Stan
Freberg Round Round World Tape
Timeline:
1405-33
Seven Treasure Fleet voyages of Chinese Cheng Ho to
1432-1498
Prince Henry, Portuguese Navigators around Africa to
1453
– Turks take Constantinople,
1492-1504
1513-1535
Balboa discovers Pacific, Cortez conquers Aztecs, Pizarro defeats Incas
1519-1522
Magellan sails around the world
Technology:
Triangular lateen sail caravels of Prince Henry
Portuguese apply Arab and Jewish
navigation and astronomy: astrolabe,
Guns, steel, diseases, foods and
minerals introduced to Europe and
Result:
New world mineral exploitation, plantations,
slavery, diseases
European mercantilism,
Competition:
Decline of Mideast and Mediterranean
as route to
Rise of European power continuing to
20th century
Analogy:
Management of worldwide business: triangular slave,
sugar, factory, agriculture trade
Exploitation of natives to produce
Use of new wealth in Mediterranean and North Europe:
Introduction:
We
Open in Venice Kiss Me Kate tape
Machine
That Changed World video
Timeline:
1397
Founding of Medici bank,
1455
Gutenberg Bible printed
1452-1519
Life of Leonardo da Vinci
1517
Luther reformation and implications for church, state, economic life
1588
Spanish Armada
1600
British and Dutch East India Companies founded
Technology:
Printing flourishes in west after
Double entry accounting progresses
from 1300
Da Vinci as renaissance man,
mechanical visions of future transport, machines, flight
Results:
Surpluses provide wealth for art, education, music
Use of wealth overtakes amount and
source,
Luther’s Reformation and Gutenberg’s
press splits secular and sacred
Machievelli’s Prince addresses,
power, morality, emerging secular world
Da Vinci, Bacon and
Analogy:
Printing press as prototype of telecommunications
base of globalization
Surpluses facilitate bread and
circuses aspects of globalization
Relation of political control and
economic progress as arcane today as in Machievelli’s era
Power of small states:
Introduction:
Cornwallis
surrender at
Great
Indian Railway founding of
Timeline:
1630-1753
Calvinist New England and Anglican Deist Virginia led South
1754-1763
1764-1774
1775-1781
Virginian led action and oratory leads to
1783-1789
Virginian deists shape
Technology:
Rise and perfection of guerilla warfare
Results:
Yankee ingenuity blended with Anglican Virginia
aristocratic longitudalism
Pragmatic and tolerant Middle states
to facilitate government compromises
Ideals of representative democracy,
individual freedoms, church state separation
Analogy:
Guerilla terrorism to fear in modern nation states
Difference of birth of a dream and
applying it to 21st century
Moderation, practicality,
compromise, tolerance part in more perfect union
Importance of democracy in
globalization and
Introduction:
Steam
Heat Pajama Game and Steam documentary tape
Timeline:
1709
Darby substitutes coke for wood or charcoal to smelt iron
1712
Newcomen builds steam engine for mines, first power other than water and wind
1733-1769
Kay’s flying shuttle, Hargreaves spinning jenny, Awkwright’s water frame
1776
– James Watt steam engine, Adam Smith Wealth of Nations
1779
Watt engine with Hargreaves and Awkwright machines give automated weaving
1793
Thomas Telford aqueduct over
Technology:
Steam power and engine from Newcomen to Watt and
applications beyond
Textiles: Automating of all
processes from fiber to fabric
Metal: Iron to steel, engines from
mine to transportation to building
Result:
Craftsman to factory in textiles, apparel, shoes
Steel as infrastructure to move
people and products
Confirmation of inventive genius:
textile machines; metal processing; agriculture
Smith’s capitalism as framework for
emergence of modern business
Analogy:
Technology innovation, application, extension to
daily life
Revolution of how and where people
worked, rise of industrial cities
Samuel Slater and issues of
technology protection, industrial espionage
Who patrols or moderates shifts in
work location and worker skills
Introduction:
Stan
Freberg Careful What He Signs These Days
Quanto
Tosca Scarpia tape
Timeline:
1778
French alliance with American colonies against British
1783
Treaty of Versailles confirms
1789
Estates General and fall of Bastille
1793-1795
Regicide and Terror
1795-1815
Napoleon from Directory Protector to Emperor to
1803
– 1809 Commercial, government, military educational reforms,
Technology:
Advances in military tactics, strategy, execution
Jacquard loom with punch card
control, Babbage difference engine
Results:
Chaos of French Revolution contrasts with US
founding
Equality, Fraternity,
Continuous war in Europe leads to
Analogy:
Pragmatism and compromise vs idealism and extremism
as base for progress
Domestic reforms in government, commerce, education
framework for progress
Balance of military power to dominate abroad versus
commercial interchange
Introduction:
Erie
Canal New York Ric Burns video
Way
West Introduction video
From
illumination to internal combustion the Prize tape
Timeline:
1776
Industrial revolution and canal building in
1807-1830
Transport revolution: Steamboats, canals, railroads
1793-1860
Cotton gin, standardized parts, mass production, plow, thresher
1865-1900
Steel, Minerals, Oil, Corporations, Trusts
1845-1900
Telegraph, Telephone, Electricity
1850-1900
Consumer products: sewing, cleaning, labor saving, entertainment
Technology:
Transport: steam application to water and rail
Engineering: Canals, railroads,
bridges, buildings
Industrial power and processing:
oil, steel, electricity, factories
Communications: Transport speed at
low cost, telegraph, telephone, cable
Results:
Evolution, cost outcome of Civil War
Yankee ingenuity to northern industrial might
Waves of European immigration to build country
Manifest destiny to Pacific facilitated by resources
and industrialization
Analogy:
Competitive advantage of innovation, low labor-input
cost, mass market
Combination of immigration, labor
skills, growth, endless frontier
Robber barons, urban poor,
sweatshops, income inequality, monopoly abuses
Temptation of overseas empire at
century’s end
Introduction:
World
War I Intro CBS Video
Ring
Descent to Niebelung
Timeline:
1848
Social revolution and reaction
1867
Das Capital of Marx calls for end of private ownership
1850-1900
Expansion of British, French, German, Russian colonial empires
1820-1914
Decline and turmoil of
1905-Japan
checks Russian advance and power in
1914-1918
World War I in
Technology:
Internal combustion engine, motor vehicles
Hot air balloons to heavier than air aircraft
German steel, electricity, chemical
advances build industrial might
Results:
Capitalism shaken but survives as World War I sweeps
away empires
Famine and repression send migrants
to
Trenches of Western Front doom
European colonial empires
Analogy:
Advantages of political stability and limitless
economic opportunity
Internationalization of labor that
results from immigration
Melting pot concept of
Introduction:
Ghandi
British leaving video
Timeline:
1919
Onerous Treaty of Versailles, US rejection of
1920-1933
US boom and bust, Isolation and tariffs, Reparations and inflation
1933-1939
Nazis on rise, Japan on mainland,
1939-1950
Axis power to Allied victory, divided
Technology:
Blitzkrieg in Europe, Co prosperity in Pacific
Nuclear power, jet engines, rockets,
radar
Petrochemical synthetics from nylon to rubber
Results:
US unscathed and preeminent power
World of genocide, refugees, demobilization
Analogy:
Globalization:
Integration and adaptability of
political and economic systems
Threats to nation states: Jews in
Europe, Chinese in Asia, Indians in
Technology and Resources in
Globalized World
Introduction:
The
Prize – Saudi Arabia Oil Discovery video
Machine
that Changed the World – Books to Networks video
Timeline:
1947
Marshall Plan and Iron Curtain
1949-1963
Communist
1947-1963
Independence of former colonies
1973-1979
Rise of OPEC
1970-1989
Japan and Rim of Asia manufacturing
1989-
1991 Fall of
1990
Emergence of
Technology:
Transistors to microprocessors to packet switching
Radio to television to a visual
world
Chemical evolution from
petrochemical synthetics to life sciences
Nuclear disappointments, proliferation of potential
mass destruction
Results:
US and MNC dominance of world production,
consumption, trade, investment
Loss of resource control, OPEC rises
recycled via inflation, third world debt
Technology revolutionizes production
and consumption, confirms innovation
Triumph of markets and capitalism
over communism
Complex balance between freedom and
economic progress
Analogy:
Comparison of US views on globalization today with:
American colonial view of Industrial Revolution England