Key |
Yr. |
Name |
Name |
Invention, Discovery, Event |
| Electricity | 1752 | Franklin | Ben | Lightning experiments, charge conservation, static, Gulf Stream current mapping |
| Electricity | 1752 | Franklin | P-Experiments | Lightning rod, sharp end concentration |
| Electricity | 1820 | F-&Magnetism | Gilbert, Gray, Du Fay, Leiden, Coulomb, Oersted, Galvani, Volta, Ampere, Arago, Faraday, Henry, Maxwell, Morse, Swan | |
| Electricity | 1820 | Orstead | Hans | Current measure, ammeter, eltromagnetism, inspires Schweigger galvanometer, Faraday |
| Electricity | 1825 | Faraday | P-Michael | Chemist and benezene to electricity from 1830 |
| Electricity | 1827 | Ohm | George | Current equals ratio of voltage to resistance: Ohm's Law |
| Electricity | 1831 | Faraday | Michael | Electromagnetic induction leads to Dcgenerator (dynamo) |
| Electricity | 1832 | Pixii | Hippolyte | Magneto electric AC generator, Henry inductance |
| Electricity | 1835 | Henry | Joseph | Develops telegraph principles |
| Electricity | 1837 | Morse | Samuel FB | Patents electromagnetic transmitting telegraph with Morse code dots and dashes, also UK, Germ |
| Electricity | 1839 | Grove | Rogert | First fuel cell, electricity from H2 and O2, costly incandescent platinum lightbulb in 1840 |
| Electricity | 1844 | Telegraph | F-Sum | Gauss,Weber, Wheatstone, Steinheil, Morse, Henry, Vail |
| Electricity | 1857 | Siemens | Werner | Shuttle winding for armature of elec generator dynamo without magnets |
| Electricity | 1866 | Field | Cyrus | Successful trans Atlantic cable after 1858 break |
| Electricity | 1866 | Leclanche | Georges | Fr zinc carbon battery, precursor to dry cell, flashlight battery |
| Electricity | 1867 | Varley | Cromwell | Magnet not needed to start electric generator |
| Electricity | 1867 | Gramme | Zenobe | Ring armature for 1st practical ac generator |
| Electricity | 1868 | Edison | P-Thomas | voting recorder 1st major invention |
| Electricity | 1877 | Gramme | Zenobe | Alternator based on reversing dynamo. Produces AC, needs brushes, transformer later will mean ac |
| Electricity | 1879 | Thomson | Elihu | Induction coils to step down voltage, increase current, parallel basis of transformer in 6 years |
| Electricity | 1880 | Edison | Thomas | Electric generating station for lighting London, Pearl NY in 1882 |
| Electricity | 1884 | Tesla | P-Nicola | Electric alternator |
| Electricity | 1887 | Tesla | Nicola | AC induction motor and transformer, power lines, generator system |
| Electricity | 1891 | Tesla | Nicola | High voltage coil |
| Electricity | 1891 | Blondell | Andre | Oscilloscope |
| Electricity | 1893 | Westinghouse | George | Takes ac to CGO fair, begins dominance |
| Electricity | 1893 | Steinmetz | Charles | Clear theory of AC |
| Electricity | 1895 | Westinghouse | George | Niagara ac power stations, Buffalo elect, industry supply |
| Electricity | 1902 | Bosch | Robert | Spark plug |
| Electricity | 1908 | Edison | Thomas | Nickel alkaline battery with lithium hydroxide for autos |
| Electricity | 1965 | Canda | Hydroplant | Fau+F566lty relay starts chain reaction and NE blackout Nov9 |
| Electricity | 1971 | USSR | MHD magnetohydrodynamic electricity generation from natural gas | |
| Electricity | 1972 | Germany | Coal gasification for electricity | |
| Electricity | 1989 | Alternative Energy | F-Sum | Global warm, greenhouse gas, nuclear, hydro, wind, solar, geo, tides, |
| Electricity | 2003 | Solar cells with efficiency up to 20% | ||
| Electricity | 2003 | US | Sandia thermonuclear fusion with x ray blast at deuterium capsule | |
| Heat | 1842 | F-Heat Nature | Bacon, Hooke, Descartes, Mayer, Rumford, Carnot, Clapeyron, Prescott, Joule | |
| Light | 1803 | Murdoch | William | Coal gas to light building, Murdoch 1792 discovery |
| Light | 1879 | Edison | Thomas | Practical lasting carbon thread electric lamps, Swan in UK |
| Light | 1879 | Brush | Charles | Cleveland carbon-arc lighting |
| Light | 1879 | Lights&Lighting | F-Summary | Davy arc light, Swan Edison filament lamp, |
| Light | 1894 | Edison | Thomas | Carbon filaments from squirted cellulose for bulbs, Swan too |
| Light | 1910 | Claude | Georges | Neon light FR |
| Light | 1953 | Townes | Charles | Maser developed, leads to laser |
| Light | 1958 | Townes | Schawlow | Show maser can be applied to light, laser in 1960 |
| Light | 1962 | Nathan | Marshall | IBM semiconductor p-n junction lasers, same principle as transitor, laser used in eye surgery |
| Light | 1971 | Ferguson | James | Intl Liquid Xtal develop twisted nematic liquid crystal, 1st in watch display |
| Light | 1973 | Bell | Labs | Tunable continuous wave laser |
| Light | 1976 | Madey | John | FEL Free electron laser, photon stimulation |
| Light | 1981 | 3M | Optical disk recording by lasers, solve melt and chemical change problems | |
| Tel | 1872 | Gray | Elisha | Western Electric founded to make telephone equipment |
| Tel | 1874 | Bell | Alexander | Harmonic telegraph transmits harmonic musical tones, similar to Gray's |
| Tel | 1874 | Edison | Thomas | Two messages over one telegraph line |
| Tel | 1876 | Bell | F-Alexander | Telephone patent, receiver & transmitter solenoid close to iron membrane, vibrations induce current |
| Tel | 1876 | Gray | Elisha | Files another tel design within hours of Bell, probably better, but courts say Bell inventor |
| Tel | 1877 | Edison | Thomas | Halloo into phonograph of diaphragm to needle tracing groove in wax or alaum foil rotating disk |
| Tel | 1878 | Crookes | William | TV via electric thru glass tube, Paiva wire concept for TV |
| Tel | 1880 | Bell | Alexander | Picturephone patent virating mirror, sound transmission by light |
| Tel | 1887 | Western | Union | Multiplexing on telephone lines by using different frequencies |
| Tel | 1891 | Brown | Almon | Telephone switching system without operator |
| Tel | 1898 | Poulsen | Valdemar | Telegraphone magnetic recording for data, forerunner of answering machine |
| Tel | 1911 | AmBell | WesternElectric | Merge engineering to Bell Labs |
| Tel | 1932 | Marconi | Guglielmo | Microwaves detected, radar decade later |
| Tel | 1945 | Clarke | Arthur | Geosynchronous satallite proposal, become telcom in 1965, TV later |
| Tel | 1954 | Kipany | Narinder | Optical glass fiber for light transmission without intensity loss |
| Tel | 1958 | Bell | Dataphone for transmitting binary by telephone | |
| Tel | 1960 | Baran | Paul | Rand researcher develops packet switching principle to interchange computer data in discrete bundles |
| Tel | 1962 | Bell | Telstar 1st comsat, relays transatlantic TV | |
| Tel | 1964 | Lucky | Robert | Equalizer eliminates tel echos, speeds data transfer |
| Tel | 1966 | Davies | Donald | Packet switching approach independent of Baran |
| Tel | 1973 | Metcalfe | Robert | Ethernet where data transmitted in packets |
| Tel | 1977 | GTE | Optical fibers used for telephone calls | |
| Tel | 1978 | TCP/IP transmission control protocol internet protocol adopted | ||
| Tel | 1979 | Hayes | Modem to connect computer to phone line | |
| Tel | 1983 | Cellular | Telephone | By 1987 312 systems in 215 US cities |
| Tel | 1988 | LightCommunications | F-Sum | Bell, Wheeler, French, Kell, Sziklai, Kao, Hockham, coaxial to fiber |
| Tel | 1992 | AT&T | Videophone $1500, call price unchanged |